People with peripheral vertigo typically present with mild to moderate imbalance, nausea, vomiting, hearing loss, tinnitus, fullness, and pain in the ear. Motion sickness is sometimes classified as a cause of peripheral vertigo. Any cause of inflammation such as common cold, influenza, and bacterial infections may cause transient vertigo if it involves the inner ear, as may chemical insults (e.g., aminoglycosides) or physical trauma (e.g., skull fractures). Other causes include Ménière's disease (12%), superior canal dehiscence syndrome, vestibular neuritis, and visual vertigo. The most common cause is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV), which accounts for 32% of all peripheral vertigo. Vertigo that is caused by problems with the inner ear or vestibular system, which is composed of the semicircular canals, the vestibule ( utricle and saccule), and the vestibular nerve is called "peripheral", "otologic", or "vestibular" vertigo. While this classification appears in textbooks, it is unclear what relation it has to the pathophysiology or treatment of vertigo. The third type is known as pseudovertigo, an intensive sensation of rotation inside the person's head. Subjective vertigo refers to when the person feels as if they are moving.
Objective vertigo describes when the person has the sensation that stationary objects in the environment are moving. Vertigo can also be classified into objective, subjective, and pseudovertigo. Vertigo is classified into either peripheral or central, depending on the location of the dysfunction of the vestibular pathway, although it can also be caused by psychological factors. Vertigo accounts for about 2–3% of emergency department visits in the developed world. It becomes more common with age and affects women two to three times more often than men. ĭizziness affects approximately 20–40% of people at some point in time, while about 7.5–10% have vertigo. More severe causes should also be considered, especially if other problems such as weakness, headache, double vision, or numbness occur. In this condition vertigo can last for days. In vestibular neuritis the onset of vertigo is sudden, and the nystagmus occurs even when the person has not been moving. In Ménière's disease there is often ringing in the ears, hearing loss, and the attacks of vertigo last more than twenty minutes. The Dix-Hallpike test typically produces a period of rapid eye movements known as nystagmus in this condition. Benign vertigo episodes generally last less than one minute. īenign paroxysmal positional vertigo is more likely in someone who gets repeated episodes of vertigo with movement and is otherwise normal between these episodes.
Other causes of dizziness include presyncope, disequilibrium, and non-specific dizziness. Vertigo typically indicates a problem in a part of the vestibular system. Other causes may include toxin exposures such as to carbon monoxide, alcohol, or aspirin. Physiologic vertigo may occur following being exposed to motion for a prolonged period such as when on a ship or simply following spinning with the eyes closed. Less common causes include stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraines, trauma, and uneven pressures between the middle ears. The most common disorders that result in vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, and vestibular neuritis. Vertigo is the most common type of dizziness. It is typically worse when the head is moved. This may be associated with nausea, vomiting, sweating, or difficulties walking. Often it feels like a spinning or swaying movement. Vertigo is a condition in which a person has the sensation of movement or of surrounding objects moving when they are not. Presyncope, disequilibrium, non-specific dizziness Feeling of spinning or swaying, vomiting, difficulty walking īenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Ménière's disease, vestibular neuritis, stroke, brain tumors, brain injury, multiple sclerosis, migraine
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